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Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse ¹, Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus ², Yusuf Abba ², Veenosha Nehru Raju ¹, Idris Umar Hambali ¹, Innocent Damudu Peter ¹, Abd Wahid Haron ¹, Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila ², Jefri Mohd Norsidin ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, MY
2 Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, MY

Abstract

Background and Aim: Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) is an important viral disease of small ruminants particularly in dairy goats with severe social and economic implication. Hence, this study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of CAE virus (CAEV) among goat population in selected small ruminant farms in Selangor and the risk factors associated with the occurrence of the disease.

Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from a total of 91 goats selected at random. Blood serum was harvested and used for competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test to detect antibodies against CAE virus.

Results: The result obtained showed that 8/91 (8.8%) of the goats were seropositive for CAEV. In addition, biosecurity management, source of origin and sex of the animal were observed to be important risk factors associated with the occurrence of CAE in goats.

Conclusion: The findings of this study affirmed that the seroprevalence of CAEV infection among goat population in small ruminant farms in Selangor, Malaysia, is low. However, there is need to institute strict control measures such as testing and culling positive animals or separation of infected animals from those that tested negative to the disease for effective eradication of the disease.

Keywords

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Goats, Lentivirus, Seroprevalence, Small Ruminant Farm.

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Abdulla A. Albishtue ¹, Nurhusien Yimer ², Md Zuki A. Zakaria ³, Abd Wahid Haron ², Rosnina Yusoff ², Mohammed A. Assi ⁴, Bahaa H. Almhanawi ⁵

Affiliations
1 Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Kufa, Najaf, IQ
2 Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang-43400, Selangor, MY
3 Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang-43400, Selangor, MY
4 Department of Community Health, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, IQ
5 Department of Pathology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang-43400, Selangor, MY

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of edible bird’s nest (EBN) supplementation on the uteri of rats based on analyses of the morphological and histomorphometric changes, and expressions of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (REGF) genes, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and steroid receptors.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats were equally distributed into the following four groups: G1 (control), G2, G3, and G4 represented the groups treated with EBN at graded concentrations of 0, 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg body weight (BW) per day for 8 weeks, respectively. During the experimental period, the BW of each rat was recorded weekly. At the proestrus stage of estrous cycle, blood samples were collected from the hearts of anesthetized rats that were later sacrificed. The uteri were removed for histological and immunohistochemical analyses.
Results: The EBN-treated groups showed an increase in the weights and lengths of uteri as compared to the control. Results showed that relative to G1 and G2, G3 and G4 exhibited proliferation in their uterine luminal and glandular epithelia and uterine glands, and up-regulated expressions of EGF, REGF, VEGF, PCNA, and progesterone receptor, and estrogen receptor in their uteri. The EBN increased the antioxidant (AO) and total AO capacities and reduced the oxidative stress (OS) levels in non-pregnant rats.
Conclusion: Findings of this study revealed that EBN promotes proliferation of the uterine structures as evidenced by the upregulation of the expressions of steroid receptors,EGF, REGF, VEGF, and PCNA in the uterus and increased in the plasma concentrations of AO and reduced levels of OS.

Keywords

Antioxidant, Edible Bird’s Nest, Growth Factors, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen, Uterus.

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Mohammed Naji Odhah ¹, Faez Firdaus Jesse Abdullah ², Abd Wahid Haron ³, Mohd. Azmi Mohd. Lila ⁴, Mohd. Zamri‑Saad ⁴, Zaid Khuder ³, Idris Umar Hambali ⁵, Muhammed Umar ⁶, Wessam Monther Saleh ⁷

Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Dhamar, YE
2 Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Research Center for Ruminant Disease, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang-43400, Selangor, MY
3 Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang-43400, Selangor, MY
4 Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang-43400, Selangor, MY
5 Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Maiduguri, NG
6 Department of Animal Reproduction, University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Baluchistan, PK
7 Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, University of Basra, Basra, IQ

Abstract

Aim: This study was conducted to analyze the changes in blood profile of goats inoculated with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and its immunogen mycolic acid (MA) extract.
Materials and Methods: A total of 12 clinically healthy crossbred Boer female goats were divided into three groups; A, B and C (4 goats each per group). Group A was inoculated with 2 ml sterile phosphate buffered saline via intradermal route as the negative control group whilst Group B was inoculated with 2 ml of MA extract (1 g/ml) intradermally and Group C was then inoculated with 2 ml (1×10⁹) colony forming unit of active C. pseudotuberculosis intradermally. Blood sample was collected aseptically from the jugular vein periodically for complete blood count (CBC) analysis throughout the experimental period (3 months).
Result: A significant decrease (p<0.05) was observed in red blood cells, hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular Hb concentration in Groups B and C as compared to the control while WBCs, neutrophil, lymphocyte and basophil showed a significant increase (p<0.05) as compared to the control.
Conclusion: The inoculation of C. pseudotuberculosis and MA resulted in a significant change in the CBC, thereby, indicating that MA has a role in caseous lymphadenitis pathogenesis.

Keywords

Complete Blood Count, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Goat, Hematology, Mycolic Acid.

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